Background To date, nephrotoxicity in new drug development has been evaluated through two-dimensional culture of representative cell lines, such as HK-2 and human proximal tubule epithelial cells (hPTECs).Approximately 20% of new drugs that were safe in preclinical Airstones studies were withdrawn from clinical trials due to nephrotoxicity, which m

Active galactic nuclei are extragalactic sources, and their relativistic hot-plasma jets are believed to be the main candidates of the cosmic-ray origin, above the so-called knee region of the cosmic-ray spectrum.Relativistic shocks, either single or multiple, have been observed or been theorized to be forming within relativistic jet channels in al

Homologous recombination is widespread and catalyzes evolution.Nonetheless, its existence in animal mitochondrial DNA is questioned.We designed selections for recombination between co-resident mitochondrial genomes in various heteroplasmic Drosophila lines.In four experimental settings, recombinant genomes HEADLAMPS became the sole or dominant geno

We investigate the terahertz (THz) scattering and emission properties of lunar regolith by modeling it as a random Dreamcast medium with rough top and bottom boundaries and a host medium situated beneath.The total scattering and emission arise from three sources: the rough boundaries, the volume, and the interactions between the boundaries and the

An optimal control problem for discrete systems is considered.A method of successive improvements along with its modernization based on the expansion of the main structures of Playstation Extension Lead the core algorithm about the parameter is suggested.The idea of the method is based on local approximation of attainability set, which is described